The role of magnesium in some diseases (part 1)

Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most essential minerals in the human body. Magnesium is a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes that catalyze metabolic reactions in the body. Some of these processes include protein synthesis, cellular energy production and storage, reproduction, DNA and RNA synthesis, and mitochondrial membrane stabilization. Magnesium also plays an important role in neurotransmission, neuromuscular, muscle contraction, vasomotor tone, cardiac excitability, blood pressure, glucose and insulin metabolism.

The modern diet shows that dietary Mg intake is decreasing and Mg deficiency may be associated with metabolic disorders, chronic inflammatory stress, contribute to the occurrence of atherosclerosis, increased blood pressure, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes and some types of cancer.

A new approach to magnesium compounds in medical practice has been discovered. In addition to being used as an ingredient in functional foods, magnesium is also considered an effective factor in the treatment of migraine, alcoholism, asthma, heart disease, arrhythmia, kidney calcium stones, premenstrual stress syndrome,…

1. Magnesium and hypertension

Magie tham gia vào quá trình điều chỉnh huyết áp
Magnesium is involved in blood pressure regulation

Magnesium is involved in blood pressure regulation as a natural calcium channel blocker. Intracellular magnesium interferes with calcium depolarization causing muscle contraction, leading to vasodilation and thus a decrease in blood pressure. Magnesium competes with sodium for binding sites on vascular smooth muscle cells, increases prostaglandin E, binds potassium cooperatively, induces endothelial-dependent vasodilation, ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive and diabetic patients, decreases intracellular calcium and sodium, and decreases blood pressure.

2. Magnesium and cardiovascular diseases

Sự thiếu hụt magie làm tăng nhanh quá trình xơ vữa động mạch
Magnesium deficiency accelerates the process of atherosclerosis

In animal studies, magnesium deficiency has been shown to accelerate atherosclerosis, but magnesium supplementation has been shown to be preventable.

Proposed mechanisms for the potential cardiovascular benefits of magnesium intake include improved glucose and insulin homeostasis or lipid metabolism; acts as an antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory or anticoagulant agent; its antiplatelet effect; Its effect on decreased vascular contractility and/or increased endothelium-dependent vasodilation.

Mg intake was associated with reductions in CVA, CVD, arrhythmias, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and left ventricular hypertrophy in most but not all studies.

3. Magnesium and type 2 diabetes

Magnesium plays an important role in glucose and insulin metabolism, primarily through its effect on tyrosine kinase activity, by transferring phosphate from ATP to proteins. The tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor is dependent on Mg levels, so Mg deficiency can lead to impaired insulin signaling. The lower the baseline Mg, the greater the amount of insulin required to metabolize the same amount of glucose, indicating decreased insulin sensitivity.

Cần xem xét việc sử dụng bổ sung magie để ngăn ngừa bệnh đái tháo đường type 2
Consideration should be given to the use of magnesium supplements to prevent type 2 diabetes

Magnesium may also affect phosphorylase b kinase activity by releasing glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen. In addition, magnesium can directly affect the activity of glucose transporter protein 4 (GLUT4), and help regulate glucose transport into cells.

If Mg supplementation affects insulin sensitivity in participants with diabetes, it may also improve insulin sensitivity in obese individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes.

The researchers emphasize the importance of considering the use of magnesium supplements to prevent type 2 diabetes in at-risk populations (eg, overweight individuals with insulin resistance).

4. Magnesium and vascular accident (stroke)

A stroke is often the result of uncontrolled high blood pressure. Because of Mg’s role in blood pressure control, it has also been studied in relation to stroke.

Vai trò của Mg đến đột quỵ
The role of Mg in stroke

One meta-analysis showed a statistically significant inverse association between magnesium intake and stroke risk. They found that a 100 mg/day increase in magnesium intake was associated with an 8% reduction in stroke risk. Mg intake was inversely associated with the risk of ischemic stroke, not hemorrhagic stroke.

To learn more about the relationship between Magnesium and other diseases (Alzheimer, Cancer, osteoporosis risk, …), follow part 2 of the article.

References:

[1] U. Gröber, J. Schmidt, and K. Kisters, “Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy”, Nutrients, vol 7, p.h 9, pp. 8199–8226, September 2015, doi: 10.3390/nu7095388.

[2] M. Rondanelli et al., “An update on magnesium and bone health”, Biometals, vol 34, p.h 4, p. 715–736, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10534-021-00305-0.

[3] A. Botturi, V. Ciappolino, G. Delvecchio, A. Boscutti, B. Viscardi, and P. Brambilla, “The Role and the Effect of Magnesium in Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review”, Nutrients, vol. 12, No. 6, page 1661, June 2020, doi: 10.3390/nu12061661.

[4] M. Houston, “The Role of Magnesium in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease”, J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), vol 13, p.h 11, pp. 843–847, September 2011, doi: 10.1111/j.1751- 7176.2011.00538.x.

[5] D. Fiorentini, C. Cappadone, G. Farruggia, and C. Prata, “Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency”, Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 1136, March 2021, doi: 10.3390/nu13041136.

Article source: Nutrition Research and Development Institute

Read related articles at: https://ancarepharma.com/chu-de/kien-thuc-dinh-duong/

For specific advise, please contact us: https://www.facebook.com/ancarepharma/